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Captain John Gore (died 10 August 1790) was a British American sailor who circumnavigated the globe four times with the Royal Navy in the 18th century and accompanied Captain James Cook in his discoveries in the Pacific Ocean. ==History== Although little is known about John Gore before his service with the Royal Navy, it is believed he was born in the British Colony of Virginia in either 1729 or 1730. He first appears in the record books in 1755, joining HMS ''Windsor'' at Portsmouth as a midshipman. Five years later Gore took his lieutenant's exam and was appointed master's mate of HMS ''Dolphin''. Aboard the ''Dolphin'' Gore circumnavigated the globe twice—first under John Byron and then Samuel Wallis. His experience in the Pacific Ocean and on extended navy expeditions led to him being called up to join James Cook's mission to record the Transit of Venus in Tahiti and search for ''Terra Australis'' in 1768 aboard HMS ''Endeavour''. On ''Endeavour'', Gore was initially third-in-command (i.e. 3rd Lieutenant) behind Cook (1st Lieutenant) and Zachary Hicks (2nd Lieutenant). After the death of Hicks on the return voyage to England on 26 May 1771, Gore became second-in-command (2nd Lieutenant) 〔''Captain James Cook'' by Richard Hough. Coronet ,London 1995 p 64,210〕 Gore had previously been part of the Royal Navy crew aboard Wallis's ''Dolphin'' that had "discovered" Tahiti and he became valuable to Cook for his knowledge of the island. In 1769 Gore became the first recorded person on the expedition to shoot and kill a person of Māori descent, following an altercation over a piece of cloth as the ''Endeavour'' charted the coast of New Zealand. Later, on 14 July 1770 Gore became famous for being the first person to shoot and kill a kangaroo (for scientific research) as the expedition made its way up the eastern seaboard of Australia. Returning to England, in 1772 Gore joined the botanist Joseph Banks (who had also been on Cook's first Pacific voyage) in a private scientific expedition to Iceland and the Hebrides. Gore and Banks may have become friends as evidence shows that Banks was the executor of Gore's will. The trip did not return until after Cook had sailed on his second Pacific voyage. However, in 1776 Gore answered the call from Cook and the admiralty once again and joined HMS ''Resolution'' as First Lieutenant for Cook's third voyage. As the ''Resolution'' explored the Pacific in search of the famed Northwest Passage, Gore would sight the American continent of his birth from the west coast. Later, following Cook's death in Hawaii, Charles Clerke, captain of ''Resolution's'' sister ship HMS ''Discovery'' took command. Gore then assumed command of ''Discovery'' in Clerke's place. When Clerke himself died shortly after, Gore took responsibility for the entire expedition (unaware that his place of birth had declared its independence from Great Britain two years previously) and brought the ships home to England on 4 October 1780—more than a year after assuming command. He was formally promoted to the post of Captain on 2 October 1780. In recognition of his achievements John Webber, who had previously painted Cook, took Gore's portrait as the navy made him an honorary Post-Captain. Moving further in the footsteps of Cook, he was offered the late Captain's vacant rooms at the Greenwich Hospital. In 1790, having circumnavigated the globe four times, he died on 10 August. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Gore (Royal Navy officer, died 1790)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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